The Monk & The Riddle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Monk & The Riddle - Essay Example My viewpoint contradicts Komisar’s concepts that attribute losses or failures to have close relations to entrepreneurship. It is surprising that Komisar relates failure as justified in entrepreneurship while associating factors such as interest as sole motivators of innovation. Komisar’s adventure with the Monk through their trip up hill and back without paying for the services contradicts entrepreneurial primary and core goals (Kosimar 5). Komisar’s actions involve shifting of entrepreneurship focus from harnessing the motivation to make profits. Instead, Komisar advocates pursuit for passion, gaining experience and satisfaction as vital entrepreneurial goals. I believe an individual’s success in relation to entrepreneurship involves gaining and earning profit from initial capital investments. Similarly, it is surprising that Komisar recommends his own experience involving loss value in as a means of success in entrepreneurship. Based on my viewpoint, Komisar’s perception is surprising in relation to other entrepreneurial contexts because it involves accepting losses and lack of vision in developing an enterprise can cause failure. Lenny is a visionary character and ready to make bold decisions. I perceive Lenny as possessing boldness because of his willingness to interact and share his problems. He identified that Randy could assist him. Based on my viewpoint, Lenny’s character can allow him to take risks and, therefore, is a great entrepreneur. Randy expressed willingness to listen to Lenny for several reasons. First, Randy is passionate to assist individuals who are confident to take the most for their entrepreneurial roles. I perceive Randy as a proud character who believed he understood other people better than they did (Komisar 23). Risk takers such as Lenny are always willing to bet everything for their urge to set up entrepreneurial enterprises. Second, Randy expressed concern about the plight of

Dance Critical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Dance Critical Analysis - Essay Example Her body was expert in making curved patterns, waves, propels, rises, and drops. Her body movements were quivering and quaking with the music, which was some Egyptian melody. Since I knew that in belly dance, the audience is supposed to give attention to individual movements of all body parts instead of foot movements, I closely observed the patterns the dancer was making with her body parts, and especially, the belly, which was moving with extraordinary vigor and control. I saw that her hands and arms were moving sinuously, just like serpents fly in the air. The background was striking, and the colors in it and the dancer’s dress were vivid and bright. The dance itself was very emotion-evoking, as I found the dancer dancing in the happiness of finding her love. I would love to learn and attempt this dance style, and if I get a chance, I would definitely pay to go see this dance in

Swiss Graphics Designer Max Huber

Swiss Graphics Designer Max Huber Profile of Max Huber 1.1 His Brief Introduction Max Huber was an outstanding and influential Swiss graphic designer in the 20th century. In 1919, he was born in Switzerland, and in 1992, he died in Sagno, Switzerland. When he was 17, he had the opportunity to study in the Zurich School of Arts and Crafts which was very famous in Switzerland, because there were many outstanding teachers in this school, such as Otto Weber, Ernst Gubler, Heinri MÃ…Â ¸ller, Gottlieb Wehrli, Alfred Willimann and Walter Roshardt who were very outstanding in Switzerland. And when he studied in this school, Max Huber always spent much time to stay in the school library, because those outstanding teachers usually suggested that he should know and learn more knowledge about the experiments of Bauhaus-designers such as European abstract artists and russian constructivists by using the school library resources. And then, Max Huber as one of the great graphic designers began his professional pace, what should be pointed out is that Werner Bischof, Josef Mà ƒ ¼ller-Brockmann, Carlo Vivarelli and Hans Falk gave him many creations help and inspiration in his formative years (Hollis, 2006). 1.2 His Work Experience In 1935, Max Huber began his career in Zurich, at the beginning he worked at an advertising agency, and then he worked for the Emil Schultness at ConzettHuber, at the same time, he met Max Bill and Hans Neuburg who were also the famous industrial designer and graphic designer. When he was at the age of 21 in 1940, the World War II broke out, in order to do not join the Swiss army, Max Huber moved to Milan (Italy). When he arrived at Milan, he could only stutter a few words using Italian. However, the stuttering did not disguised his talent, relying on a calling card which was seemed to be printed at the first sight, but the elegant card was made by the hand-drawn letters with their careful spacing through a closer look, that could deeply impress Antonio Boggeri, and then Antonio Boggeri decided to hire Max Huber. Therefore, he could smoothly join the Studio Boggeri. When he worked in the Studio Boggeri in Milan, Max Huber considered that illustration, painting, photography and printi ng could be fused in together, and little by little, by exchanging ideas with other same-age designers, he became the avant-garde artists and the leading exponent in term of the plane design field. In 1941, Italy also entered the Second World War, so Max Huber was forced to be back to his motherland Switzerland, and between 1942 and 1944, he built the influential art magazine Du with Werner Bischof and Emil Schultness, and he also joined the Alliance Association of Modern Swiss Artists, and exhibited his abstract work with a group of modern Swiss artists at the Kunsthaus Zurich. However, when he stayed in Zurich, he could not forget Studio Boggeri and Milan, and he always thought that Studio Boggeri and Milan were so exciting and attractive, so he decided to be back to Milan as soon as possible. When the Second World War ended, he was appointed as the creative director by the Italian publisher Einaudi for the publishing house, so he could have the chance to contact with the post-war Italian intelligentsia, and at that time, he believed that the design had the ability to restore peoples beliefs and values in the aftermath of the Second World War. 1.3 His Design Concept Max Huber always persist in their design idea, he never make use of his images in a strict sense, in order to convey a certain feeling of dynamism and speed, he always used the combination between unframed flat photographic and typographic elements with strips of color, and in his design, people could identify these elements which were not used to tell a story. By the use of bold shapes and primary colors, Max Hubers work was focus on photographic experiments and clear type, and his strict work elements were easy to be identified. In addition, Max Huber preferred the clarity, rhythm and synthesis, and his work usually showed different hierarchical groups by the use of succinct texts, and so on. Anyhow, he never was influenced by fashion and other external factors, he had been insisting on his own ideas. Milan is an international metropolis, and Max Huber as a famous designer was usually invited to attend many international design-conventions, and he could be contact with other major designers by those international design-conventions or trips, and he fell in love with Takeshi Konos daughter and married her, Takeshi Kono was also one of the leading Japanese designers, Max Huber spent about two years in Japan. So, he could learn the different design ideas to apply in his works. 1.4 His Design philosophy After World War II, Max Huber had been keeping the humanistic design belief, and with a variety of cultural influence in Milan, he designed a series of works using the design aesthetic utopia for enterprise and business promotion. It can say that Max Huber was the pioneer of utopia aesthetic. Utopia is a vision of mankind for a better society, and is also the best human society in human ideology as the same as the earlier utopian socialism. Utopia Esthetics is the use of people yearning for a better life to inspire people to dream (Freitas Vieira, 2005). Max Hubers design used and developed this concept, which made him achieve great success, so, in his design of future life, nowhere is the design of using this concept, and this humanistic conception of design received highly attention in Europe, his purpose was to rescue people from the war. In order to achieve his target, Max Huber has always insisted on being a freelance designer, and he always worked as the direct collaboration w ay with his client. He tried his best to create the balance between the demand of each client and his own demand (Campana, et. al., 2006). Even the clients proposed comparative funny request, he would try to meet the demand of clients, and if the advice had a little use, he would be willing to modify his plan. So, Max Huber always loved innovatory research, and always kept a lively curiosity to follow his ideal and faith. 2.0 Visual Analysis 2.1 Gran premio dell Autodromo Monza In 1948, Max Huber designed the celebrated poster for the Monza Grand Prix, the name of the celebrated poster was Gran premio dell Autodromo Monza, and its size was 1400x1000cm, this work helped him win the first prize in the competition, and this work as the same as Max Huber was well-known all over the world. This works color was bright, and the content was simple and comprehensive, it truly and clearly displayed the Monza Grand Prix. Meanwhile, this work showed the stronger sense of hierarchy to attract peoples attention, which also represented Hubers brilliant and innovative design; perfect arrow curve was very good to show circuit authenticity (ICONOFGRAPHICS, 2007). This work precisely and vividly showed his creation idea and design concept to people; it also released this modern design concepts and ideas; it was apparent that this work was showing his futurism inspiration. In a word, this work had lively format, bouncing color, fluent text, exquisite design and powerful sense of hierarchy, which could deeply attract peoples attention. 2.2 La Rinascente Italys largest department store chain La Rinascente is located next to the Cathedral Duao Mo; La Rinascente means recovery, rehabilitation and re-production, which could also be consistent with Max Hubers design concepts and aesthetic utopia. Max Huber worked for the department store La Rinascente from 1950 to 1954, in 1951, he designed the monumental work for La Rinascente, this work was named La Rinascente which was used for advertising, and its size was 295x205mm, and today, this trademark has been familiar with people all over the world. This work had also distinctive color, red, black and white were clearly distribution, and font also was concise and representative. This work could be firmly remembered, even if only once. In a word, this work could not only bring many commercial gains, but also change the masses feeling to La Rinascente and Milan visual scenery. It was more important that this work changed that era of collective memory (Campana, et. al., 2006). 3.0 Conclusion In conclusion, through the analysis of Max Huber, it appears that Hubers work was consistently innovative, and by combining painting and photography with other graphic media, he remained avant-garde throughout his career, bringing the utopian vision of the modern masters to bear on corporate typography and identity design. Many of his works are classic, and he made great contribution to modern aesthetics.

Invent Your Own Technology Essay :: Writing Essays

Invent Your Own Technology Essay When I was first assigned, the â€Å"invent your own technology† assignment, I had no idea of how I was going to complete this project. I had no understanding of why we had to create a project like this, especially when there are already various writing technologies available to us. I can honestly say, that by the end of this project I had realized how much technologies such as computers, typewriters, pens, pencils, and paper are taken for granted everyday. Dennis Barron said â€Å"writing is first and foremost a technology† (Barron, 37). This statement is something that I agree with! I think that any way someone writes should be considered a technology. The materials used for my project, include: a sweatshirt, twizzlers, and glue. I came up with the idea of gluing the twizzlers to the sweatshirt. When I first began this project, I did not count on being faced with any problems. I thought that I would just glue tiny pieces of cut up twizzler to the sweatshirt and that would be that. The first problem that I faced was: the candy would not stick to the sweatshirt. For whatever reason, the glue was not able to hold the twizzler pieces to the front of the sweatshirt. This definitely prolonged the gluing process. Once this problem had arisen, I went back to try to think of what I would be able to use to glue this candy to. I tried two different things. The first, a sheet. The problems with that was, that the sheet was so flimsy, that when I went to hold it up (like I was going to show it to someone), the candy pieces fell off. The second thing I attempted was a bath towel. The issue with that, was it was too thick. The pieces of ca ndy stayed glued, but the end presentation was not something that I would have been proud to show to the class.

Second Foundation 20. “I Know…”

The last two months of the Stettinian war did not lag for Homir. In his unusual office as Mediator Extraordinary, he found himself the center of interstellar affairs, a role he could not help but find pleasing. There were no further major battles – a few accidental skirmishes that could scarcely count – and the terms of the treaty were hammered out with little necessity for concessions on the part of the Foundation. Stettin retained his office, but scarcely anything else. His navy was dismantled; his possessions outside the home system itself made autonomous and allowed to vote for return to previous status, full independence or confederation within the Foundation, as they chose. The war was formally ended on an asteroid in Terminus' own stellar system; site of the Foundation's oldest naval base. Lev Meirus signed for Kalgan, and Homir was an interested spectator. Throughout all that period he did not see Dr. Darell, nor any of the others. But it scarcely mattered. His news would keep – and, as always, he smiled at the thought. Dr. Darell returned to Terminus some weeks after VK day, and that same evening, his house served as the meeting place for the five men who, ten months earlier, had laid their first plans. They lingered over dinner and then over wine as though hesitating to return again to the old subject. It was Jole Turbor, who, peering steadily into the purple depths of the wineglass with one eye, muttered, rather than said, â€Å"Well, Homir, you are a man of affairs now, I see. You handled matters well.† â€Å"I?† Munn laughed loudly and joyously. For some reason, he had not stuttered in months. â€Å"I hadn't a thing to do with it. It was Arcadia. By the by, Darell, how is she? She's coming back from Trantor, I heard?† â€Å"You heard correctly,† said Darell, quietly. â€Å"Her ship should dock within the week.† He looked, with veiled eyes, at the others, but there were only confused, amorphous exclamations of pleasure. Nothing else. Turbor said, â€Å"Then it's over, really. Who would have predicted all this ten months ago. Munn's been to Kalgan and back. Arcadia's been to Kalgan and Trantor and is coming back. We've had a war and won it, by Space. They tell you that the vast sweeps of history can be predicted, but doesn't it seem conceivable that all that has just happened, with its absolute confusion to those of us who lived through it, couldn't possibly have been predicted.† â€Å"Nonsense,† said Anthor, acidly. â€Å"What makes you so triumphant, anyway? You talk as though we have really won a war, when actually we have won nothing but a petty brawl which has served only to distract our minds from the real enemy.† There was an uncomfortable silence, in which only Homir Munn's slight smile struck a discordant note. And Anthor struck the arm of his chair with a balled and furyfilled fist, â€Å"Yes, I refer to the Second Foundation. There is no mention of it and, if I judge correctly, every effort to have no thought of it. Is it because this fallacious atmosphere of victory that palls over this world of idiots is so attractive that you feel you must participate? Turn somersaults then, handspring your way into a wall, pound one another's back and throw confetti out the window. Do whatever you please, only get it out of your system – and when you are quite done and you are yourselves again, return and let us discuss that problem which exists now precisely as it did ten months ago when you sat here with eyes cocked over your shoulders for fear of you knew not what. Do you really think that the Mind-masters of the Second Foundation are less to be feared because you have beat down a foolish wielder of spaceships.† He paused, red-faced and panting. Munn said quietly, â€Å"Will you hear me speak now, Anthor? Or do you prefer to continue your role as ranting conspirator?† â€Å"Have your say, Homir,† said Darell, â€Å"but let's all of us refrain from over-picturesqueness of language. It's a very good thing in its place, but at present, it bores me.† Homir Munn leaned back in his armchair and carefully refilled his glass from the decanter at his elbow. â€Å"I was sent to Kalgan,† he said, â€Å"to find out what I could from the records contained in the Mule's Palace. I spent several months doing so. I seek no credit for that accomplishment. As I have indicated, it was Arcadia whose ingenuous intermeddling obtained the entry for me. Nevertheless, the fact remains that to my original knowledge of the Mule's life and times, which, I submit, was not small, I have added the fruits of much labor among primary evidence which has been available to no one else. â€Å"I am, therefore, in a unique position to estimate the true danger of the Second Foundation; much more so than is our excitable friend here.† â€Å"And,† grated Anthor, â€Å"what is your estimate of that danger?† â€Å"Why, zero.† A short pause, and Elvett Semic asked with an air of surprised disbelief, â€Å"You mean zero danger?† â€Å"Certainly. Friends, there is no Second Foundation!† Anthor's eyelids closed slowly and he sat there, face pale and expressionless. Munn continued, aftention-centering and loving it, â€Å"And what is more, there was never one.† â€Å"On what,† asked Darell, â€Å"do you base this surprising conclusion?† â€Å"I deny,† said Munn, â€Å"that it is surprising. You all know the story of the Mule's search for the Second Foundation. But what do you know of the intensity of that search – of the single-mindedness of it. He had tremendous resources at his disposal and he spared none of it. He was single-minded – and yet he failed. No Second Foundation was found.† â€Å"One could scarcely expect it to be found,† pointed out Turbor, restlessly. â€Å"It had means of protecting itself against inquiring minds.† â€Å"Even when the mind that is inquiring is the Mule's mutant mentality? I think not. But come, you do not expect me to give you the gist of fifty volumes of reports in five minutes. All of it, by the terms of the peace treaty will be part of the Seldon Historical Museum eventually, and you will all be free to be as leisurely in your analysis as I have been. You will find his conclusion plainly stated, however, and that I have already expressed. There is not, and has never been, any Second Foundation.† Semic interposed, â€Å"Well, what stopped the Mule, then?† â€Å"Great Galaxy, what do you suppose stopped him? Death did; as it will stop all of us. The greatest superstition of the age is that the Mule was somehow stopped in an all-conquering career by some mysterious entities superior even to himself. It is the result of looking at everything in wrong focus. â€Å"Certainly no one in the Galaxy can help knowing that the Mule was a freak, physical as well as mental. He died in his thirties because his ill-adjusted body could no longer struggle its creaking machinery along. For several years before his death he was an invalid. His best health was never more than an ordinary man's feebleness. All right, then. He conquered the Galaxy and, in the ordinary course of nature, proceeded to die. It's a wonder he proceeded as long and as well as he did. Friends, it's down in the very clearest print. You have only to have patience. You have only to try to look at all facts in new focus.† Darell said, thoughtfully, â€Å"Good, let us try that Munn. It would be an interesting attempt and, if nothing else, would help oil our thoughts. These tampered men – the records of which Anthor brought to us nearly a year ago, what of them? Help us to see them in focus.† â€Å"Easily. How old a science is encephalographic analysis? Or, put it another way, how well-developed is the study of neuronic pathways.† â€Å"We are at the beginning in this respect. Granted,† said Darell. â€Å"Right. How certain can we be then as to the interpretation of what I've heard Anthor and yourself call the Tamper Plateau. You have your theories, but how certain can you be. Certain enough to consider it a firm basis for the existence of a mighty force for which all other evidence is negative? It's always easy to explain the unknown by postulating a superhuman and arbitrary will. â€Å"It's a very human phenomenon. There have been cases all through Galactic history where isolated planetary systems have reverted to savagery, and what have we learned there? In every case, such savages attribute the to-them-incomprehensible forces of Nature – storms, pestilences, droughts – to sentient beings more powerful and more arbitrary than men. â€Å"It is called anthropomorphism, I believe, and in this respect, we are savages and indulge in it. Knowing little of mental science, we blame anything we don't know on supermen – those of the Second Foundation in this case, based on the hint thrown us by Seldon.† â€Å"Oh,† broke in Anthor, â€Å"then you do remember Seldon. I thought you had forgotten. Seldon did say there was a Second Foundation. Get that in focus. â€Å"And are you aware then of all Seldon's purposes. Do you know what necessities were involved in his calculations? The Second Foundation may have been a very necessary scarecrow, with a highly specific end in view. How did we defeat Kalgan, for instance? What were you saying in your last series of articles, Turbor?† Turbor stirred his bulk. â€Å"Yes, I see what you're driving at. I was on Kalgan towards the end, Darell, and it was quite obvious that morale on the planet was incredibly bad. I looked through their news-records and – well. they expected to be beaten. Actually, they were completely unmanned by the thought that eventually the Second Foundation would take a hand, on the side of the First, naturally.† â€Å"Quite right,† said Munn. â€Å"I was there all through the war. I told Stettin there was no Second Foundation and he believed me. He felt safe. But there was no way of making the people suddenly disbelieve what they had believed all their lives, so that the myth eventually served a very useful purpose in Seldon's cosmic chess game.† But Anthor's eyes opened, quite suddenly, and fixed themselves sardonically on Munn's countenance. â€Å"I say you lie.† Homir turned pale, â€Å"I don't see that I have to accept, much less answer, an accusation of that nature.† â€Å"I say it without any intention of personal offense. You cannot help lying; you don't realize that you are. But you lie just the same.† Semic laid his withered hand on the young man's sleeve. â€Å"Take a breath, young fella.† Anthor shook him off, none too gently, and said, â€Å"I'm out of patience with all of you. I haven't seen this man more than half a dozen times in my life, yet I find the change in him unbelievable. The rest of you have known him for years, yet pass it by. It is enough to drive one mad. Do you call this man you've been listening to Homir Munn? He is not the Homir Munn I knew.† A medley of shock; above which Munn's voice cried, â€Å"You claim me to be an impostor?† â€Å"Perhaps not in the ordinary sense,† shouted Anthor above the din, â€Å"but an impostor nonetheless. Quiet, everyone! I demand to be heard.† He frowned them ferociously into obedience. â€Å"Do any of you remember Homir Munn as I do – the introverted librarian who never talked without obvious embarrassment; the man of tense and nervous voice, who stuttered out his uncertain sentences? Does this man sound like him? He's fluent, he's confident, he's fun of theories, and, by Space, he doesn't stutter. Is he the same person?† Even Munn looked confused, and Pelleas Anthor drove on. â€Å"Well, shall we test him?† â€Å"How?† asked Darell. â€Å"You ask how? There is the obvious way. You have his encephalographic record of ten months ago, haven't you? Run one again, and compare.† He pointed at the frowning librarian, and said violently, â€Å"I dare him to refuse to subject himself to analysis.† â€Å"I don't object,† said Munn, defiantly. â€Å"I am the man I always was.† â€Å"Can you know?† said Anthor with contempt. â€Å"I'll go further. I trust no one here. I want everyone to undergo analysis. There has been a war. Munn has been on Kalgan; Turbor has been on board ship and all over the war areas. Darell and Semic have been absent, too – I have no idea where. Only I have remained here in seclusion and safety, and I no longer trust any of the rest of you. And to play fair, I'll submit to testing as well. Are we agreed then? Or do I leave now and go my own way?† Turbor shrugged and said, â€Å"I have no objection.† â€Å"I have already said I don't,† said Munn. Semic moved a hand in silent assent, and Anthor waited for Darell. Finally, Darell nodded his head. â€Å"Take me first,† said Anthor. The needles traced their delicate way across the cross-hatchings as the young neurologist sat frozen in the reclining seat, with lidded eyes brooding heavily. From the files, Darell removed the folder containing Anthor's old encephalographic record. He showed them to Anthor. â€Å"That's your own signature, isn't it?† â€Å"Yes, yes. It's my record. Make the comparison.† The scanner threw old and new on to the screen. All six curves in each recording were there, and in the darkness, Munn's voice sounded in harsh clarity. â€Å"Well, now, look there. There's a change.† â€Å"Those are the primary waves of the frontal lobe. It doesn't mean a thing, Homir. Those additional jags you're pointing to are just anger. It's the others that count.† He touched a control knob and the six pairs melted into one another and coincided. The deeper amplitude of primaries alone introduced doubling. â€Å"Satisfied?† asked Anthor. Darell nodded curtly and took the seat himself. Semic followed him and Turbor followed him. Silently the curves were collected; silently they were compared. Munn was the last to take his seat. For a moment, he hesitated, then, with a touch of desperation in his voice, he said, â€Å"Well now, look, I'm coming in last and I'm under tension. I expect due allowance to be made for that.† â€Å"There will be,† Darell assured him. â€Å"No conscious emotion of yours will affect more than the primaries and they are not important.† It might have been hours, in the utter silence that followed And then in the darkness of the comparison, Anthor said huskily: â€Å"Sure, sure, it's only the onset of a complex. Isn't that what he told us? No such thing as tampering; it's all a silly anthropomorphic notion – but look at it! A coincidence I suppose.† â€Å"What's the matter?† shrieked Munn. Darell's hand was tight on the librarian's shoulder. â€Å"Quiet, Munn – you've been handled; you've been adjusted by them.† Then the light went on, and Munn was looking about him with broken eyes, making a horrible attempt to smile. â€Å"You can't be serious, surely. There is a purpose to this. You're testing me.† But Darell only shook his head. â€Å"No, no, Homir. It's true.† The librarian's eyes were filled with tears, suddenly. â€Å"I don't feel any different. I can't believe it.† With sudden conviction: â€Å"You are all in this. It's a conspiracy.† Darell attempted a soothing gesture, and his hand was struck aside. Munn snarled, â€Å"You're planning to kill me. By Space, you're planning to kill me.† With a lunge, Anthor was upon him. There was the sharp crack of bone against bone, and Homir was limp and flaccid with that look of fear frozen on his face. Anthor rose shakily, and said, â€Å"We'd better tie and gag him. Later, we can decide what to do.† He brushed his long hair back. Turbor said, â€Å"How did you guess there was something wrong with him?† Anthor turned sardonically upon him. â€Å"It wasn't difficult. You see, I happen to know where the Second Foundation really is.† Successive shocks have a decreasing effect- It was with actual mildness that Semic asked, â€Å"Are you sure? I mean we've just gone through this sort of business with Munn-â€Å" This isn't quite the same,† returned Anthor. â€Å"Darell, the day the war started, I spoke to you most seriously. I tried to have you leave Terminus. I would have told you then what I will tell you now, if I had been able to trust you.† â€Å"You mean you have known the answer for half a year?† smiled Darell. â€Å"I have known it from the time I learned that Arcadia had left for Trantor.† And Darell started to his feet in sudden consternation. â€Å"What had Arcadia to do with it? What are you implying?† â€Å"Absolutely nothing that is not plain on the face of all the events we know so well. Arcadia goes to Kalgan and flees in terror to the very center of the Galaxy, rather than return home. Lieutenant Dirige, our best agent on Kalgan is tampered with. Homir Munn goes to Kalgan and he is tampered with. The Mule conquered the Galaxy, but, queerly enough, he made Kalgan his headquarters, and it occurs to me to wonder if he was conqueror or, perhaps, tool. At every turn, we meet with Kalgan, Kalgan – nothing but Kalgan, the world that somehow survived untouched all the struggles of the warlords for over a century.† â€Å"Your conclusion, then.† â€Å"Is obvious,† Anthor's eyes were intense. â€Å"The Second Foundation is on Kalgan.† Turbor interrupted. â€Å"I was on Kalgan, Anthor. I was there last week. If there was any Second Foundation on it, I'm mad. Personally, I think you're mad.† The young man whirled on him savagely. â€Å"Then you're a fat fool. What do you expect the Second Foundation to be? A grammar school? Do you think that Radiant Fields in tight beams spell out ‘Second Foundation' in green and purple along the incoming spaceship routes? Listen to me, Turbor. Wherever they are, they form a tight oligarchy. They must be as well hidden on the world on which they exist, as the world itself is in the Galaxy as a whole.† Turbor's jaw muscles writhed. â€Å"I don't like your attitude, Anthor.† â€Å"That certainly disturbs me,† was the sarcastic response. â€Å"Take a look about you here on Terminus. We're at the center – the core – the origin of the First Foundation with all its knowledge of physical science. Well, how many of the population are physical scientists? Can you operate an Energy Transmitting Station? What do you know of the operation of a hyperatomic motor? Eh? The number of real scientists on Terminus – even on Terminus – can be numbered at less than one percent of the population. â€Å"And what then of the Second Foundation where secrecy must be preserved. There will still be less of the cognoscenti, and these will be hidden even from their own world.† â€Å"Say,† said Semic, carefully. â€Å"We just licked Kalgan-â€Å" â€Å"So we did. So we did,† said Anthor, sardonically. â€Å"Oh, we celebrate that victory. The cities are still illuminated; they are still shooting off fireworks; they are still shouting over the televisors. But now, now, when the search is on once more for the Second Foundation, where is the last place well look; where is the last place anyone will look? Right! Kalgan! â€Å"We haven't hurt them, you know; not really. We've destroyed some ships, killed a few thousands, torn away their Empire, taken over some of their commercial and economic power – but that all means nothing. I'll wager that not one member of the real ruling class of Kalgan is in the least discomfited. On the contrary, they are now safe from curiosity. But not from my curiosity. What do you say, Darell?† Darell shrugged his shoulders. â€Å"Interesting. I'm trying to fit it in with a message I received from Arcadia a few months since.† â€Å"Oh, a message?† asked Anthor. â€Å"And what was it?† â€Å"Well, I'm not certain. Five short words. But its interesting.† â€Å"Look,† broke in Semic, with a worried interest, â€Å"there's something I don't understand.† â€Å"What's that?† Semic chose his words carefully, his old upper lip lifting with each word as if to let them out singly and reluctantly. â€Å"Well, now, Homir Munn was saying just a while ago that Hari Seldon was faking when he said that he had established a Second Foundation. Now you're saying that it's not so; that Seldon wasn't faking, eh?† â€Å"Right, he wasn't faking. Seldon said he had established a Second Foundation and so he had.† â€Å"All right, then, but he said something else, too. He said he established the two Foundations at opposite ends of the Galaxy. Now, young man, was that a fake – because Kalgan isn't at the opposite end of the Galaxy.† Anthor seemed annoyed, â€Å"That's a minor point. That part may well have been a cover up to protect them. But after all, think – What real use would it serve to have the Mind-masters at the opposite end of the Galaxy? What is their function? To help preserve the Plan. Who are the main card players of the Plan? We, the First Foundation. Where can they best observe us, then, and serve their own ends? At the opposite end of the Galaxy? Ridiculous! They're within fifty parsecs, actually, which is much more sensible.† â€Å"I like that argument,† said Darell. â€Å"It makes sense. Look here, Munn's been conscious for some time and I propose we loose him. He can't do any harm, really.† Anthor looked rebellious, but Homir was nodding vigorously. Five seconds later he was rubbing his wrists just as vigorously. â€Å"How do you feel?† asked Darell. â€Å"Rotten,† said Munn, sulkily, â€Å"but never mind. There's something I want to ask this bright young thing here. I've heard what he's had to say, and I'd just like permission to wonder what we do next.† There was a queer and incongruous silence. Munn smiled bitterly. â€Å"Well, suppose Kalgan is the Second Foundation. Who on Kalgan are they? How are you going to find them? How are you going to tackle them if you find them, eh?† â€Å"Ah,† said Darell, â€Å"I can answer that, strangely enough. Shall I tell you what Semic and I have been doing this past half-year? It may give you another reason, Anthor, why I was anxious to remain on Terminus all this time.† â€Å"In the first place,† he went on, â€Å"I've been working on encephalographic analysis with more purpose than any of you may suspect. Detecting Second Foundation minds is a little more subtle than simply finding a Tamper Plateau – and I did not actually succeed. But I came close enough. â€Å"Do you know, any of you, how emotional control works? It's been a popular subject with fiction writers since the time of the Mule and much nonsense has been written, spoken, and recorded about it. For the most part, it has been treated as something mysterious and occult. Of course, it isn't. That the brain is the source of a myriad, tiny electromagnetic fields, everyone knows. Every fleeting emotion varies those fields in more or less intricate fashion, and everyone should know that, too. â€Å"Now it is possible to conceive a mind which can sense these changing fields and even resonate with them. That is, a special organ of the cerebrum can exist which can take on whatever field-pattern it may detect. Exactly how it would do this, I have no idea, but that doesn't matter. if I were blind, for instance, I could still learn the significance of photons and energy quanta and it could be reasonable to me that the absorption of a photon of such energy could create chemical changes in some organ of the body such that its presence would be detectable. But, of course, I would not be able, thereby, to understand color. â€Å"Do all of you follow?† There was a firm nod from Anthor; a doubtful nod from the others. â€Å"Such a hypothetical Mind Resonating Organ, by adjusting itself to the Fields emitted by other minds could perform what is popularly known as ‘reading emotion' or even ‘reading minds,' which is actually something even more subtle. It is but an easy step from that to imagining a similar organ which could actually force an adjustment on another mind. It could orient with its stronger Field the weaker one of another mind – much as a strong magnet will orient the atomic dipoles in a bar of steel and leave it magnetized thereafter. â€Å"I solved the mathematics of Second Foundationism in the sense that I evolved a function that would predict the necessary combination of neuronic paths that would allow for the formation of an organ such as I have just described – but, unfortunately, the function is too complicated to solve by any of the mathematical tools at present known. That is too bad, because it means that I can never detect a Mind-worker by his encephalographic pattern alone. â€Å"But I could do something else. I could, with Semic's help, construct what I shall describe as a Mental Static device. It is not beyond the ability of modem science to create an energy source that will duplicate an encephalograph-type pattern of electromagnetic field. Moreover, it can be made to shift at complete random, creating, as far as this particular mind-sense is concerned, a sort of ‘noise' or ‘static' which masks other minds with which it may be in contact. â€Å"Do you still follow?† Semic chuckled. He had helped create blindly, but he had guessed, and guessed correctly. The old man had a trick or two left- Anthor said, â€Å"I think I do.† â€Å"The device,† continued Darell, â€Å"is a fairly easy one to produce, and I had all the resources of the Foundation under my control as it came under the heading of war research. And now the mayor's offices and the Legislative assemblies are surrounded with Mental Static. So are most of our key factories. So is this building. Eventually, any place we wish can be made absolutely safe from the Second Foundation or from any future Mule. And that's it.† He ended quite simply with a flat-palmed gesture of the hand. Turbor seemed stunned. â€Å"Then it's all over. Great Seldon, it's all over.† â€Å"Well,† said Darell, â€Å"not exactly.† â€Å"How, not exactly? Is there something more?† â€Å"Yes, we haven't located the Second Foundation yet!† â€Å"What,† roared Anthor, â€Å"are you trying to say-â€Å" â€Å"Yes, I am. Kalgan is not the Second Foundation.† â€Å"How do you know?† â€Å"It's easy,† grunted Darell. â€Å"You see I happen to know where the Second Foundation really is.†

Assess the Supernatural in Macbeth Essay

Shakespeare wrote his plays during the Elizabethan time, a time of change and discovery, which was called the Renaissance. Changes in religion, politics, science, language, and the arts made the population excited and think about and believe in things differently. One subject many people had different beliefs about was the belief of the supernatural. Many women were accused of witchcraft; they would be burnt at the stake or thrown into a river to drown. Shakespeare uses witches in Macbeth to scare the audience. This is shown in the first scene, Act 1 Scene 1. In the first scene, without anyone saying a word, Shakespeare manages to scare the audience. He does this by having thunder and lightning coming from behind the stage. Not only does this scare the audience, which they wanted to happen, they came to get scared, but it sets the mood. The come across as grey, gloomy and dark which again frightens the audience. When the first witch speaks she asks the others: When shall we three meet again, In thunder, lightning or in rain? This tells us two things: 1. They have met before and 2. They seem to be able to control the weather. Controlling the weather is important because this means whenever there is thunder lightning or rain the witches will most likely be there. This also means that they can set the mood for the audience. The withes then go on to predict the future saying: Where the Place? Upon the heath. There to meet with Macbeth. This shows us that the witches know that Macbeth will win because he must be alive to meet with them, plus they know where and when the battle finishes. In the last line all of the witches say: Fair is foul, and foul is fair: Hover through the fog and filthy air. All this means is that the witches plan to create chaos amongst Macbeth, to make him confused weary and doubtful. The next time the witches appear is in Act 1 Scene 3. In this scene the second witch has been travelling â€Å"killing swine† as she puts it and she describes her travels as: A sailor’s wife had chestnuts in her lap †¦ †¦Look what I have. This tells us that the witches hold grudges against other people causing their evil to become worse if you do not do as they say. It also re-inforces the mood from scene 1, the fact that they can change the weather and that they have supernatural powers. Whilst the witch is describing what she has been doing, there is constant thunder and lightning happening around them which also re-inforces the mood again from scene 1. Later on in the scene Macbeth meets up with witches along with Banquo. The witches tell him: All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Glamis! All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor! All hail, Macbeth! That shalt be king hereafter. Macbeth seems stunned to this while Banquo asks him: Good sir, why do you start, and seem to fear Things that do sound so fair? For a while Macbeth says nothing, looking stunned shocked and confused at what the witches have just told him. Banquo asks whether they are real or not but gets a reply like Macbeths. He is told that he’ll be lesser than Macbeth but greater, not so happy but much happier and that he will have kings in his family. Banquo says nothing to this as if he didn’t hear it, and just continues speaking to Macbeth. Macbeth questions what the witches have just told him, he is confused at what they have told him because the Thane of Cawdor and the King are both still alive. He tries to work it out but then gets demanding saying: Speak, I charge you. To this the witches vanish leaving a shocked and confused Macbeth and Banquo, still looking like he’s heard nothing. So now Macbeth is feeling anxious and worried of what they have told him and this is all to emphasise the fear that has been incorporated with the witches since the beginning of the play. He has all these feelings building up inside of him until he gets told that the Thane of Cawdor betrayed his armies and joined the Norwegians, to which he gets executed and passes the thane to Macbeth. All of his feelings are now turning into excitement because what he was told by the witches is becoming true. He starts thinking to himself: Glamis, and Thane of Cawdor: The worst is behind. That the worst is behind him and he might as well continue now he’s got so far. He starts to think about killing the king despite Banquo telling him: That, trusted home, Might yet enkindle you unto the crown†¦ †¦In deepest consequence. He images killing the king and what it would get him, but it’s only an idea at the moment, and it starts to disturb his body so much that trying to imagine it makes him unable to move, making nothing seem real except the fantasy of being king. It kind of scares him making his hair stand on end and heart pump against his ribs uncontrollably: This supernatural soliciting†¦ †¦Is smothered in surprise, and nothing is, But what is not. This is the effect the witches have on Macbeth during Act 1 Scene 3. The witches don’t appear for quite a while in the play but there are many other supernatural occurrences between now and then. The next one is in Act 2 Scene 1, where Macbeth sees a dagger. Probably the most famous lines in the book are in this scene when Macbeth sees a dagger on the way to kill Duncan. At first he thinks its part of his imagination: A dagger of the mind, a false creation, Proceeding from my heat-oppressed brain? His brain seeing things because of all of what he’s been through, but then he tries to grab the dagger, talking to himself he thinks its real but his hand goes right through it. He says to himself: Come let me clutch thee: – I have thee not, and yet I see thee still. Art thou not, fatal vision, sensible To feeling as to sight? He starts to mock the Image in front of him saying it was trying to guide him the way he was already going although he probably wouldn’t have don it without the dagger appearing. He then sees blood on the handle of the dagger and he questions where it came from, he reckons it’s the violence of the act making him see physical shapes in this way. Macbeth thinks that his mind is playing tricks on him making him doubtful and starts to feel guilty of what he’s done to himself just to get where he is now. The dagger vanishes at the sound of a knell, which Macbeth says will summon the king, Duncan, to heaven or to hell. After Macbeth kills Duncun, Banquo gets killed in Act 3 scene 3 and the next scene has the next supernatural happening. Banquo’s ghost appears at Macbeths Banquet Macbeth prepares a banquet for him becoming king inviting all of the Thanes, Lords and some attendants. He starts by saying how disappointed he is at Banquo’s absence from the feast and asks where he’ll sit, only to find Banquo’s ghost has taken his place: To grace us with you royal company? The tables full. Here is a place reserved, Sir. Where? Here, my good lord He says that one of the lords have played a practical joke on him. When the lords rise to leave Lady Macbeth stands and say that he is usually like this and that he’ll be well enough soon, but if they stare at him then they will only prolong the fit he’s having. She asks him whether he’s a coward or not to what Macbeth replies: Ay, and a bold one, that dare look on that Which might appal the devil He is saying that what he is looking at even the devil could not bear to see therefore making him a man. Lady Macbeth seems to thinks his actions are rubbish, saying its his fear that is causing him to imagine this and that he needs to come to and be brave. When she says this the ghost disappears leaving Macbeth to stand there distraught at what he just saw. He tries to convince Lady Macbeth that there was a ghost but all she says is that his friends are growing tired of him. When Macbeth is apologising to his Lords the ghost re-enters, Macbeth asks for a drink of wine to toast to Banquo but when he turns around the ghost is there in front of him. He shouts: Avaunt! And quit my sight! Let the earth hid thee!†¦ †¦Which thou dost glare with. In this quote he is saying that there is no life in the ghost’s eyes and he wants it to be gone. Lady Macbeth says to the Lords that it is nothing out of the ordinary, and that they shouldn’t worry, it is only spoiling the feast. Macbeth then approaches the ghost saying why did you take the form of Banquo, anything but Banquo and I would’ve been fine. But if I still live in fear and trembling then you can call a feeble creature: What man dare, I dare: †¦ †¦Unreal mockery. What he means by this is that the ghost could’ve taken form apart from Banquo’s and he wouldn’t have been scared. After this the ghost disappears and Macbeth sits down saying that he is a man again now the ghost has gone. The Lords ask him what he saw but Lady Macbeth stops them saying: Question enrages him. At once, good night. They wish their majesty good health and then depart leaving Macbeth to brood upon the uncanny ways in which murders are often revealed. He also wonders why Macduff did not appear at the feast.